By Bhogtoram Mawroh and Bankerda Chyne
Kumba shi kynta na Mawkynrew ka don ka shnong kaba Kyrteng ka Umsawwar kaba dei ka shnong kaba kham kyndong, bad la ker tawiar ia ka da ki sharing phlang ba jyrngam bad ki khlaw ki btap ,ki um ki wah kiba itynnad. Lyngba ka jingjulor ka mei mariang bad jingtwa jong ki lum ki wah ha ki hajar snem mynshwa, lah pynwandur ia kine ki syntai lum bad ki la long kiba itynnad bad kiba i-shongkhia ka bym ym lah shuh ban batai. Kham mynshuwa bad ha ki snem kiba la leit noh ka surok ban leit sha kane ka shnong ka dei kaba sniew bha bad mynta ki dang sdang ban pynbha ia ka. Ki briew kiba kwah ban leit jngoh kai ia ka shnong Syntung ki ju iaid lyngba kane ka shnong Umsawwar,Kane ka shnong ka don ha trai une u syntai lum ha kaba ki ju shong ki mynbarim kiba long ki jaitbynriew Khasi. Kaei kaba pynlong ia kane ka shnong ba kan paw kam dei tang ba ki trai shnong naduh mynhyndai ki dei ki khasi, ka dei ruh ba kane ka shnong ka dei kaba bun ka spah mariang.
Ia ka spah mariang kaba ngi ju khot ka Agrobiodiversity kaba kynthup ia ki jingdon jong ki khlaw ki btap, ki lum ki wah, ki mrad ki mreng lem bad ki jingthung kiba bun jait.Kat kum ka jingwad jingtip, la lap ba 250,000 haduh 300,000 tylli ki jingthung ki dei kiba long ban bam, ki briew ki dang pyndonkam tang 4% lane kum 150 haduh 200 tylli ia kine ki jait jingthung. Naduh ki snem 1900’s la lap ba 75% ki jait jingthung ki la sdang ban duh jait namar ba ki Nongrep ha kylleng ka pyrthei ki la sdang ban iehnoh ia u symbai tynrai ba ki thung bad ki lah pyndonkam da ki symbai sorkar lane ki symbai ba ioh na shabar. Bad lada ka long sah kumne ka jinglong jingman jong u jingthung ka lah ban shim por da ki hajar snem lane kan jah ryngai syndon. Tangba ha kajuh ka por dang don bun ki nongrep kiba dang pyndonkam ia ka rukom rep tynrai bad ki Khasi ki dei kiwei na kine ki ba dang pyrshang ban pynneh pynsah ia kane ka rep tynrai da kaba pyrshang ban buh hi ia ki symbai lajong..
Naduh u snem 2018 ka NESFAS ka lah sdang ia ka project “No One Shall Be Left Behind Initiative”,(kaba mut ym don mano mano ruh ban shah ieh shadien) Biodiversity for Food, Nutrition and Energy Security, kaba mut ka spah mariang na ka bynta ka bam ka dih, bad ka jinglong shngain ha ka jingbam ban tei iaka bor met, ha Meghalaya bad Nagaland ia kaba lah ai jingkyrshan da ka REC (Rural Electrical Corporation).” Ka jingwad jingtip shaphang ki jait symbai kiba lah ban shah iaka jingkylla jong ka suiñbneng bad kiba lah ban kham pynroi ia ka jingrep ka dei ka jingthmu ba nyngkong jong kane ka projek. U Lukas Pawera u nongwad bniah na ka Czech University jong ki Life Sciences, ha Prague ryngkat bad ka NESFAS, ki la ia trei lang ban pynmih ia ka lad ban kham pynkiew ia ka rukom bam bad rukom thung bad ban niewkor ia ka spah ka mariang. Na ki 32 tylli ki shnong ha Meghalaya bad Nagaland Ka Umsawwar ka dei ba lai na ki shnong kaba lah ban pynmih bun eh ki jingthung- kumba 280 tylli. Ki shnong kiba pynmih bun duh ki jingthung ki dei na Ri Bhoi, ka shnong Khweng bad Marmain.
Ka Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women(FAO bad FHI, 2016) ki la shim 10 jait ki thup jingbam kiba kynthup iau kba, krai, riewhadem, shrie, phankaro,kynja ri, motor,dai; shana badam, soh ot,ki symbai pathaw, Neilieh, sohriew bad kiwei kiwei,ki jingbam ba pynmih na ka dud; ki kynja doh kum doh sniang, doh kha, doh masi; pylleng; jhur sla Jyrngam; Jhur bad soh ba bun bitamin A (kum phankaro stem, pathaw, sohkynphor ba ih), ki kynja jhur bad kiwei pat ki kynja soh. Ka jingpynmih ia kine ki 10 jait ki thup jingbam ka lah iarap shibun ban wad bniah ia ki jingthung kumno ban pynmih ryntih ia ki jingrep kat kum ka 10 jait ki thup jingbam ba lakdew haneng..Wat la da ka jingkdew haneng ka thew tang iaka rukom bam pynban ka iarap ruh ba kumno u nongrep un nang ban pynbha bad pyndonkam iaka khyndew. Ka pynshlur ruh ia u nongrep ba un thung bun jait ki jingthung ha ki jaka rep jong u da kaba u thung ia kitei ki thup jingbam haka ba kan iarap ban pynduna ia ki jingpang kum ki jingpang klongsnam, jingpang shini (diabetes),mellitus,jingpang bampong (cancer), ka jingduna bam ka met (duna ki Bitamin ba donkam, ki jingbam ba ai bor bad ki jingbam ba tei ia ka met) bad kiwei kiwei de ki jingpang.
Baroh 10 jait ki thup jingbam ngi lah ban shem ha ka shnong Umsawwar. Kane ka projek ka peit bniah shaphang ki jingthung jingtep. Ki briew ha Umsawwar kim ri masi tang ban ioh dud hynrei ki pyndonkam ruh ia ka eit jong ka ban thung jingthung, hynrei ki ri ruh bad kiwei kiwei ki jingri kum ki sniang bad ki syiar ban ioh bam doh bad ban die ruh. Na ki wah ba tuid lyngba kane ka shnong bad na ki hali ki briew ki nogshog shnong jong ka Umsawar ki u ia pynlog ka jingtong doh ruh man u snem. La lap ba ha ka shnong Umsawwar ki don lut baroh ki thup jingbam lait noh na ki jingbam ba pynmih na ka dud ki kham duna. Kaba phylla ka long wat la ki ioh lut ia kine ki thup jingbam na poh shnong ki ju bam ruh ki jingbam ba ioh na khlaw kata ki jhur khlaw.
Na ki jait jingthung kiba lah lap na kane ka shnong, kiba bun duh ki dei ki jait soh bapher bapher.Ha kane ka thup lah don 86 jait ki soh kum ka kait, sohtrun, sohphan, sohbrap, sohniamtra bad kiwei de ki soh. Ki don kiwei pat ki jait soh baki briew ki lah ban ioh nakhlaw khlem darep ki ta ki long kum u sohphie, sohthri, sohshiah, sohryngkham, sohum, sohlyngkhait, sohlyngi. Ki soh ot bad ki symbai kum ki symbai pathaw, Neilieh, sohriew ki dei ki jait jigthung ki ba duna ban ioh nakane ka shnong. Ka shnong Umsawwar ka don tang 8 na ka 10 jait ki thup jingbam bad ka long tang kumba 5% na ka jing don jong ki thup jigbam, bad hakaba iadei bad ki kynja soh kadon kumba 30% na kine baroh. Bad ia kiba tam pat la kynthup ha ki jhur jyrngam; bad kiwei kiwei de ki jingbam teimet.
Ka shnong Umsawar ka don 23 jait ki tit bad kumba 71 tylli ki jait jingthung ba pher bapher ki ba kynthup kum u biskot, bindi, kerala, wang, sohbaingon, pathaw, lung siej bad kiwei kiwei de. Kaba kham phylla ka long ba tang na uwei u jingthung u lah ban pynmih bunjait ,nuksa, ha ka por ba wad jingtip kum ka kait don haduh hynniew jait ha kane ka jaka bad u sohbaingon u don kumba 10 jait. Bad baroh kine ki dei ki symbai tynrai kiba la rep la bun pateng da ki nongrep jong kane ka shnong .Bad 60% ki jingthung kiba kynthup kum ki Jhur jyrngam ki dei kiba ioh ei na ka mei mariang, kum u jali, jarain, jamyrdoh, jatira, jarem, jangew, jalyniar, tyrkhang, jajer, jaum, jabar, japhri bad kiwei kiwei de. Ka jingai kyrteng ia kine ki jhur baroh ka sdang da u Jaki ka dei ba la jer kyrteng da ki riew tymmen hyndai namar ba kine ki jhur ki dei kiba donkam bha ha ka rukom bam jong ki mynshwa . Kine ki jhur jyrngam ki dei kiba suk ban ioh khamtam ha ka por ba duna bam,bad ha ka por ba ka rep ka riang ruh kam pat long pat man, kine ki jhur jyrngam kum u jali bad u jarem ki mih hi hajan ki jaka rep bad ki nongshong shnong ki lah ban pyndonkam da kine ban bam. Ka jingtip shaphang kine ki jhur ka pyni bha ia ka jingstad tynrai jong u nongrep bad kumno ban pyndonkam iaki.
Na kine ki thup jingbam baroh kaba donkam eh ka dei ki jait jingbam ba ai ai bor ba lah lap ha Umsawwar ki dei kum u kba, u shriew, u phankaro, u krai, u riewhadem bad u sohlah. Lait noh na u riewhadem uba don tang shi jait, u kba, u shriew bad u krai ki don 7 jait. U ba kham niar ba ngi lah ban ioh na shnong u dei u phankaro uba dei u jait jingthung uba kham phylla bad uba donkam bha, une u jait phankaro u dei u phankaro stem, uba bun ka Bitamin A, kaba pynkhlain ia ka met bad iarap ruh ban iada na bun ki jingpang khamtam kum ki jingpang khmat . Ha Africa ruh ban iarap ia ka jingduna bam ki lah sdang ban thung bad ban rep ia u phankaro stem.
Baroh kane ka spah mariang la pyndonkam haki rukom rep tynrai jong u nongrep. Ka khana shaphang iwei i longkmie i ba ju smat ban rep kata i Kong Tronila Lynshiang, iba shong ba sah ha Umsawwar, i pyndonkam da ka rukom rep tynrai bad ka jingstad jong i shaphang ki symbai ba pher ba pher. I dei ruh iwei na ki membar jong ka the ALC (Agroecology Learning Circle) bad ka PGS (Participatory Guarantee System) kiba dei ki kam ba pyntyllun da ka NESFAS ha ki shnong ba kumno ban pyneh pynsah ia ka rukom bam tynrai ki briew. Ka shnong trai jong I Kong Tronila ka dei na ka shnong Khliehasem bad i lah poi shongkha ha Umsawwar ha u snem 1998. I lok jong i pat i dei iba hikai skul ha kane ka shnong bad ki ia don 9 ngut ki khun, 5 ngut ki khun shynrang bad 4 ngut ki khun kynthei. I dei i Kong Tronila iba wanrah ia u symbai jong u phankaro stem ha Umsawwar. I lah ioh ia kine ki symbai na ka shnong Mawlang, Ri Bhoi, bad na ka jing sam ia kine ki symbai, mynta la jan baroh ki nongrep ha shnong ki lah don ia une u symbai phankaro stem.Ka por thung ia une u phankaro ka dei ha u bnai Jymmang bad por tih /lum symbai dei ha u bnai Naiwieng. Tang na ka kper jong i kong Tronila i lah ban pynmih haduh 40-50 kilo u phankaro stem ha ka shi snem. Une u phankaro stem u kylla long u jingbam u ba kyrpang ha man la ki thliew iing.
Ka jingbha jong ka spah mariang ha Umsawwar ka dei na ka jingtrei shitom jong ki nongrep kiba lah don ka jingstad shaphang ka rukom rep tynrai bad ki lah tih bniah ruh ban sumar bad kumno ban pyndonkam ia kaspah mariang . Kane ka lah pynlong ia ka shnong Umsawwar ba kan dei ka shong kaba lah ban pyni nuksa sha kiwei pat ki shnong ba kumno ban iada na ka jing duna bam ki ba lah ban tei iaka bor met. La lap ba shiteng na ki briew kiba shitom bor met, ka dei tang na ka bynta ka bam ki dei na ka Ri India. Palat ia ka 80% jong ki briew ha Ri India ki duna ia ka Bitamin jong ki shyieng (calcium), Bitamin A, B12, folate bad kumba 25% pat kiba duna snam haka met (iron, zinc) bad ka Bitamin B6 namar ba ka rukom bam ha India ka kynthup bun ia u atta, u krai bad ki shana bun jait. Ka spah mariang jong ka Umsawwar bad ki jingthung ba donkam kum u phankaro stem ka dei ka jubab ia kitei ki jingeh ba lah kdew haneng. Ym dei tang ka Meghalaya hynrei ka Ri baroh kawei bad ka pyrthei baroh ka donkam ban peit nuksa na ka shnong Umsawwar. Kum ban pynkut, ka sorkar ka dei ban khmih bniah ban thaw lad ban pynroi ia kine ki symbai tynrai ha ka jylla.Ha ka jingshisha ki dei ban peitngor bad ñiewkor ia ka spah mariang ba la don lypa kumba ngi ioh nuksa na ka shnong umsawwar bad ban pynroi bad pynkiew ia kine ki jingthung tynrai.
References
FAO & FIE (2016). Minimum dietary diversity for women Minimum: A guide for measurement. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Nachvak, SM, Abdollahzad, H, Mostafai, R, Moradi, S, Pasdar, Y, Rezaei, M, and Esksndari, S (2017). Dietary Diversity Score and Its Related Factors among Employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Clinical Nutrition Research, 6 (4), 247-255.
Ritchie, H, Reay, DS, Higgins, P (2018). Quantifying, Projecting, and Addressing India’s Hidden Hunger. Frontiers in sustainable food system, 2, 1-13.
Shaphang ki nongthoh
I bah Bhogtoram Mawroh I ba dei i Senior Associate ha NESFAS bad ia ki jingtip ba kham bniah phi lah ban phah lyngba ka mail ha bhogtoram.nesfas@gmail.com
I Kong Bankerda Chyne I ba dei I Field Coordinator ha NESFAS bad ia ki jingtip ba kham bniah phi lah ban phah lyngba ka mail ha bankerda.nesfas@gmail.com
