Ba la thoh da i Bhogtoram Mawroh bad i Gennifer Meldrum
Kawei na ki jingkular jong ka sorkar NDA kadei ban pynkiew ar shah ia ka kamai jong ki nongrep kat da poi u snem 2022. Sah sa tang ar snem ban poi u snem 2022 bad i kumba kane ka jingkular kan ym urlong lymda ka sorkar kam trei borbah mynta. Mynta ka kynti ka sorkar ka lah sdang ban leh eiei ban pynurlong ia kane ka jingkular. Katba ka ri ka dang ïakhun bad ka khlam COVID -19, ka sorkar pdeng ka la wanrah lai tylli ki aiῆ, kita: The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, bad The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill.
Kine ki aiῆ ki dei shi bynta jong ka jingthmu jong ka sorkar pdeng ban wanrah ia ka jingïohnong ha ki kam rep kam riang bad ban pynkiew ia ka kamai ki nongrep. La pynshong nongrim ia kine ki aiῆ ha ka jingngeit ba kadei ka ïew ka hat, ka die ka thied ka ban lam lynti ia ka rep ka riang bad ba ka sorkar kan ym don kti ne kitkhlieh shuh ha ka rep ka riang ha ka ri. Kine ki aiῆ ki kdew ruh ia ka jingthmu jong ka sorkar ha kaba ka ieh noh ia ki jingkit khlieh ban pyniaid ia ka ïew ka hat, ka ïoh ka kot, ka kamai kajih bad ka aiti noh ha ki riew shimet ban pyntrei bad pynïaid ia kine. Kine ki aiῆ ki ai lad ia ki riew shimet ban wan rah ia ki rukom trei bathymmai bad ki rukom kamai, ki rukom ïadie ïathied bathymmai kat kum ka juk mynta.
Hynrei la lap ruh ba ka rukom trei kine ki kynhun shimet bad ki riew shimet kam ïarap ei ei ia ki nongrep barit baria bad kiba duna ka ïoh ka kot. Ka ri USA kadei kawei na ki ri kaba la ai lad ia ki riew shimet ban shimti ia ka rep ka riang bad la lap ba ka ïoh ka kot jong ki nongrep ha USA kam long kaba ryntih bad ki don ki bym ïoh kajuh ki jingiohnong ba kiwei ki nongrep ki ïoh. Ka don ka jinglah shilliang kaba khraw.
Ha India, bun ki nongrep ki dei ki barit baria ki bym don ka jingdon jingem, ka spah ka phew, ka jaka puta; te kumta kine ki nongrep ki la sngewthuh ba kine ki aiῆ thymmai kin ym iarap ia ki hynrei kin pynduhnong bad pynïap kamai ia ki. Ka dei kane ka daw ba bun ki nongrep ha kylleng ka ri India ki pyrshah jur ia kine ki aiῆ.
Hynrei ha Meghalaya kam don kum kane ka jingpyrshah ia kine ki aiῆ kumba long ha kiwei pat ki jylla. Ka sorkar jylla ba la lam khmat da ka NPP ka kyrshan ia kine ki aiῆ bad ka liang pyrshah pat, kata ka Congress, ka la kyntait ia ki kumba long ha kiwei pat ki jylla. Ka Hill Farmers Union (HFU) ka la ai jingkyrshan ia ki nongrep kiba ïakhun pyrshah ia kine ki aiῆ. Hynrei ka HFU ka khlem ïoh ia ka jingkyrshan jong ki paidbah na ka bynta ka ‘Bharat Bandh’, ka bandh ba la khot ha baroh kawei ka ri India ban pyrshah ia kine ki aiῆ. Kane ka pynpaw ba bun ki nongrep ha ka jylla kim ïatrei lang bad ka HFU. Kane ka dei namar ba wat lada bun ki nongtrei ki nongbylla ha ka jylla kiba imja na ka kam rep, hynrei ka jingmih na ka rep ka riang ha ka jylla Meghlaya kam dei kab bun haba ïanujor bad ka jingpynmih mar rep jong kiwei ki jylla ka ri India. Hynrei kane pat kam mut ba kine ki lai tylli ki aiῆ kin ym ktah ia ki nongrep ha ka jylla.
Ka aiῆ kaba nyngkong ‘The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act’, ka thoh ba ka sorkar kan ym tuklar ne peit ia ka jingshalan ia ki marbam mardih kiba mih na ka rep ka riang. Hynrei ka sorkar kan tuklar tang ha ki khep kiba donkam eh bad kawei na kine ka dei tang lada kiew palat ka dor jong ki marbam mardih. Kane ka aiῆ ka ailad bad shah ia ki riew shimet ban lum ban buh ha kudam (stock) ia ki marbam mardih kat kum ki kyndon ba la buh ka sorkar bad yn ym shah ia ki ban buh ia ki mar palat ia u pud ba la buh da ka sorkar.
Ka jylla Megahalaya kam pat lah ban pyndap pynbiang ia ki marbam (kum u khaw, u dai, riewhadem bad kiwei) na ka bynta ki nongshong shnong jong ka. Kumta ia kine ki marbam la hap ban thied bad wanrah na shabar jylla. Kane ka mut ba lada ki riew shimet ki lum ki buh ia kine ki marbam ha lade te yn sa shem shitom ki nongthied. Ka aiῆ ka thoh ba ka sorkar kan peit ne tuklar ia ka jingshalan ia ki marbam mardih tang ha ki khep kiba donkam eh. Kane kan wanrah shibun ki jingshitom bad aiῆ kam batai shai kiei kita ki khep kiba donkam eh bad ka aiῆ kam batai shai ruh kumno yn pyniaid ia ka ïew ka hat, ka die ka thied ia ki mar rep man la ka sngi. Ki marbam kum u khaw, ka umphniang, u piat, u dai bad kiwei ki dei ki marbam ba donkam tam man la ka sngi bad bun na ki riewpaidbah kiba duk ki pynlut bun na ka bai bylla bad jingïoh jong ki ban thied ia kine ki marbam mardih.
Ka jylla Megalaya ka don ha ka kyrdan ba 28 ha kaba ia dei bad ka ïoh ka kot ha ka ri baroh kawei. Kane ka mut ba ki nongshong shnong ka Meghalaya kim kot bor ban thied jingthied kum ki nongshnong shnong jong kiwei pat ki jylla. Namarkata, ka jingong jong ka aiῆ thymmai ba ka sorkar kan tuklar ia ka jingshalan bad ia ka dor jong ia ki marbam mardih tang ha khep ba donkam eh kam don jingmut eiei ia ki nongshong shnong ka Meghalaya.
Ka aiῆ ka ai lad ia ki riew shimet ban lum ia ki marbam mardih wat ha ki khep ba shitom eh ruh lada kim tam ia u pud ba la buh da ka sorkar. Kane kan ktah ia ki nongthied namar ba ka jingshalan ia ki mar sha ki ïew kan shong ha ka mon ki riew shimet kiba pynïaid ïew ia ki.
Ka aiῆ kaba ar ka dei ‘The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill’ bad kane ka aiῆ ka pynshlur ia ka jingaiwai ia ka kam rep kam riang. Ka aiῆ ka pynshlur ia ki kynhun bad ki riew shimet ban ïateh soskular bad ki nongrep ban thied ia ki mar rep jong ki. Kane ka jingïateh sosokular ka mut ba ki nongrep kin hap ban bud ia ki kyndon ba la buh da kine ki kynhun/ riew shimet khnang ban pynmih ia ki mar rep kat kum ka jingkwah jong ki. Ki nongrep ki hap ban bud ia ki kyndon kiba ktah ia ka rukom rep jong ki kum ki jait symbai ban pyndonkam, ka rukom pynkhreh ia ka bri, ka jait sboh ban pyndonkam bad kiwei kiwei ki kyndon.
Ha ka ri India bad ka jylla Meghalaya la don lypa kane ka rukom ai wai ia ka rep ka riang bad bun ki nongrep ki rep kumne. Ka rep ka riang ha jylla Meghalaya kam lah ban pynmih bun ki marbam mardih haba ïanujor bad kiwei ki jylla. Namar kane ka daw kane ka aiῆ kan pynshlur ia ka jingrep ia ki mar ki ban ïaid bha ha ki ïew ki hat (cash crops), ym ka jingrep ia ki marbam. Kane kan ktah shikatdei eh ia ka jinglong jingman ka rep ka riang bad ia ka mariang ha ka jylla hi baroh kawei.
Wat lada ia ka rep ka riang jong ka jylla Meghalaya ym pat lah ban ïanujor bad kiwei pat ki jylla ha ka liang ka bor pynmih marbam, hynrei ym lah ban len ba ka jylla Meghalaya ka riewspah ha ka jingdon jong bun jait ki mrad ki mreng, ki sim ki doh, ki dieng ki siej. Kiwei ki jylla kim lah ban ïanujor bad ka spah jong ka mariang ha ka jylla. Bad ki nongshong shnong ka Meghalaya ki pyndonkam ia kane ka spah jong ka mariang ha ka bam ka dih, ka rep ka riang, ka ri jingri bad kiwei.
Ha ka jylla Meghalaya la lap ba ha man kawei ka shnong don kumba 202 tylli ki jait jingthung kiba ki nongrep ki thung. Ia kane la lap lyngba ka jingwad jingtip jong ka North East Slow Food and Agrobiodiversity Society (NESFAS) ha ki 28 tylli ki shnong ha ka jylla. Kane ka jingwad jingtip jong ka North East Slow Food and Agrobiodiversity Society (NESFAS) ka dei lyngba ka project “No One Shall Be Left Behind Initiative: Biodiversity for Food, Nutrition, and Energy Security, Meghalaya and Nagaland, North East India” ba la kyrshan da ka Rural Electrification Corporation.
Ha ka thaiῆ War jong ka jylla, ka bri ka dei kawei na ki rukom rep ha kaba la rep ia u kwai bad u sohtrun. Kane ka rukom rep bri ka don lang bad kiwei rukom rep kum ka jhum, ki jhur ki jhep ba thung ha kper ïing, ka jingpyndonkam ia ki dieng ki siej, ki jait sla ba bun rukom bad ka ri jingri bad kiwei ban pynbiang ia ki jingdonkam ha ïing ha sem.
Ha ka rukom rep bri ym ju thung ne rep tang uwei u jait jingthung. Ha ki bri, ki nongrep ki thung ki rep ruh ia kiwei ki jait jingthung kum u sohphan, tympew, ka wang, u dieng sohmarit bad sohtrun. Hynrei ka rukom rep ka ban sa wanrah da kane ka aiῆ thymmai kin sa duh noh kiane ka rukom thung bad rep ba bun jait. Ka sorkar pdeng ka thmu ban wanrah ia ka jingpymih ia ka umphniang Palm Oil ha ki jylla shatei lam mihngi. Namarkata ka sorkar pdeng ka lah ban wan rah ia ka jingthung ia ki dieng Palm ha ki jaka rep. Ha ki jingwad bniah, la lap ba ka jingthung ia u dieng Palm ka wanrah ia ka jingjot jong ka mariang bad ka mariang ka lah ban jot ruh lada rep tang ki jait jingrep ki bym dei ki marbam mardih.
Ha ka spah snem ba arphew, ha ka thaiῆ Central America, ki kynhun shimet ki la ïatrei lang bad ki nongrep ban thung bad rep tang ia ka Kait. Kane ka la pynduh ia ka khyndew bad ka la wanrah ruh ia ka jingpang ba la tip kum ka Panama disease kaba la pyniap lut ia ki dieng kait. Haba la sdang khie kine ki jingshitom, kine ki kyhnun shimet ki la phet noh bad ki la ieh ia ki nongrep ban iakhun marwei bad ka long ka jingduh bad jingjulor jong ia ka khyndew bad ka mariang.
Phi lah ban pule kham bniah shaphang kane ha ka lynnong ba la thoh da u John Soluri ba la ai kyrteng ‘Altered Landscapes and Transformed Livelihoods: Banana Companies, Panama Diseases, and Rural Communities on the North Coast of Honduras, 1880-1950’ kaba don ha ka kot ba u la thoh, ‘Interaction between Agroecosystems and Rural Communities’.
Ka jylla Meghalaya ka duna ki jaka ba lah ban rep ban riang. Lada pyndonkam ia kine ki jaka ban thung bad rep tang ban ïoh jingmyntoi shimet te ka lah ban duh ka jingsboh ka khyndew. Kum ka nuksa, ka jingthung bad jingrep ia u synsar ka la wanrah ia ka jingduh ka sboh khyndew bad ym lah shuh ban rep ia kiwei pat ki jait jingrep ban ïoh ia ki marbam. U Rabi Narayan Behera lem bad ki paralok ki la wad bniah bad thoh shaphang kane ha ka kot ‘From jhum to broom: Agricultural land-use change and food security implications on the Meghalaya Plateau, India’, ha kaba ki la pynshai kumno ka jingrep u synsar ka la pynduh ia ka khyndew ha ka jylla.
Ka jingpyndonkam ia ka khyndew ban thung bad rep tang ia ki jingrep ki ban ïaid ïew bad ym ia ki jingrep marbam kan ktah shibun eh ia ka jingpynmih ia ki marbam. Kane kan wanrah ka jingshitom ban pynbiang ia ka bam ka dih ha ïing bad yn sa hap ban thied rem ia ki marbam bad ka ïew ka hat ha nongkyndong kan duna ka marbam bad kan dap tang da ki mar kiba iaid ïew.
Ka jingai jingbit ia ki riew shimet ba lum bad buh ia ki marbam mardih ha kudam kan wanrah bun ki jingshitom ia ki long ïing ba duk bad ki nongrep jong ka jylla. Ka Agriculture Produce Market Committees (APMC) bad Minimum Support Price (MSP) {ka MSP ka dei ka dor ba duna tam ba lah ban die ia ki mar rep; ia kane ka dor la buh da ka sorkar} ki dei ki lad ki lynti ban pynkiew ia ka rep ka riang, ka kamai bad ka ïoh ka kot jong ki nongrep. Hynrei ka aiῆ Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill ka thmu ban pynduh noh ia kine. Ka aiῆ i kumba ka ai lad ai lynti ia ki nongrep, hynrei ka thmu pat ban pynduh ia ka jingkiew ka rep ka riang bad ka kamai jong ki nongrep. Ka jylla Meghalaya kam don ka ïew ka hat ka ba biang na ka bynta ki nongrep, te donkam ban pynkhlaiῆ ia ka Agriculture Produce Market Committees (APMC) bad ban khot shuh ia ki nongrep ban ïashim bynta ha kane. Ym dei ban pynduh ia ka Agriculture Produce Market Committees (APMC) hynrei dei ban nang pynkhlaiῆ bad pyniar ia ka jingtrei kam jong ka.
Bun ki nongrep ha ka jylla kim da ïohnong shibun na ka kam rep, ki ïoh tang kat ban pynbiang ha ïing ha sem. Ym pat lah ban sngewthuh kumno kine ki aiῆ thymmai kin lah ban iarap ia ki. Wat lada ki nongrep bad ki paidbah ka jylla Meghalaya kim pat sngewthuh bha ia kine ki aiῆ, hynrei ka don ka jingma ba kine ki aiῆ kin sa treikam bad khlem pep kin ktah ia ki nongrep bad ki nongshong shnong ka jylla. Namarkata donkam ban long kiba husiar bad kiba peitngor bha haba iadei bad ka jingpyntrei kam ia kine ki aiῆ thymmai ha ka jylla.
Shaphang ki nongthoh.
Bhogtoram Mawroh u dei u Senior Associate, Research and Knowledge Management ha NESFAS bad lah ban phah jingkylli ha ka email bhogtoram.nesfas@gmail.com
Gennifer Meldrum i dei i consultant jong ka Bioversity International bad lah ban phah jingkylli ha ka email gennifermeldrum@outlook.com
Kane ka jingthoh ka la mih ruh ha khotkhubor khasi Mawphor
